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Ludwig Van Beethoven

Изучайте фортепианные ноты Ludwig Van Beethoven в Zen Virtual Piano. Beethoven’s personal life was marked by a heroic struggle against encroaching deafness. He began to lose his hearing from about 1795 and by about 1819 was totally deaf, and some of his most important works were composed during the last 10 years of his life when he was quite unable to hear. His late period, 1812–1827, included some of his most innovative works, among them the “Missa solemnis” and his final symphony, the Ninth, which premiered in 1824. That some of his most important works were composed when he could not hear suggests how much of the music he could hold in his mind. The Beethoven family was at first quite prosperous but became steadily poorer after his grandfather died in 1773 and his father declined into alcoholism. By age 11 Beethoven had to leave school, and at 18 he was the breadwinner of the family. In 1783 he was appointed continuo player to the Bonn opera, and by 1787 he had made such progress that the archbishop-elector was persuaded to send him to Vienna to study with Mozart; the visit was cut short when he received news of his mother’s death. He later became the first important composer to earn a successful living without a church or court post. Supporting a family at eighteen and later living free of church and court make early necessity and independence two ends of one story. He devoted himself to study and performance rather than setting out at once to establish himself as a composer. Working under Haydn’s direction he sought to master counterpoint, he studied violin under Ignaz Schuppanzigh, and he received occasional instruction from Antonio Salieri in Italian vocal composition style. The Breunings’ house became for him a second home, far more congenial than his own, and through Mme von Breuning he acquired a number of wealthy pupils. Several Viennese noblemen, among them Prince Joseph Franz Lobkowitz, Prince Karl Lichnowsky and Baron Gottfried van Swieten, offered him financial support. Studying counterpoint with Haydn and Italian vocal style with Salieri suggests that he drew on two quite different schools at once. A second home more congenial than his own, wealthy pupils and noble patrons suggest a young musician who found outside his family the support the household could not give. His Third (Eroica) Symphony of 1804 announced the Romantic century with a titanic but rigorously controlled energy that was the hallmark of his style. A symphony of such controlled energy, written while his hearing was already failing, suggests discipline as much as inspiration. The sudden pianos, the unexpected outbursts and the wide leaping arpeggio figures with explosive endings, known as “Mannheim rockets,” are central to his musical personality and helped him toward the liberation of instrumental music from its dependence on vocal style. A style built on sudden contrasts sits naturally beside his years of encroaching deafness.

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